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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 58

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

The exchangeable value of all commodities, whether they be manufactured, or the produce of the mines, or the produce of land, is always regulated, not by the less quantity of labour that will suffice for their production under circumstances highly favourable, and exclusively enjoyed by those who have peculiar facilities of production; but by the greater quantity of labour necessarily bestowed on their production by those who have no such facilities; by those who continue to produce them under the most unfavourable circumstances; meaning--by the most unfavourable circumstances, the most unfavourable under which the quantity of produce required renders it necessary to carry on the production.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 58 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

一切商品——工业品、矿产品、农产品——的交换价值,不是由条件最好、少数人独占便利时所需的最少劳动决定的,而是由那些没有便利条件、不得不在最不利条件下继续生产的人所必须付出的较多劳动决定的。这里“最不利”指的是:为了满足社会需要的产量,不得不进行生产的那种最差条件。所以价格由边际生产者的成本撑住,而不是由最优生产者的低成本决定。

上下文

李嘉图的劳动价值论:商品价值由最不利条件下的必要劳动量调节,而非最优条件。

今日一问

你定价或评估成本时,参照的是行业里条件最好的玩家,还是不得不生产的那批边际玩家?

公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

本文本为公版;底本与原文链接见上。 版权

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