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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 61

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

If the high price of corn were the effect, and not the cause of rent, price would be proportionally influenced as rents were high or low, and rent would be a component part of price. But that corn which is produced with the greatest quantity of labour is the regulator of the price of corn, and rent does not and cannot enter in the least degree as a component part of its price. Adam Smith, therefore, cannot be correct in supposing that the original rule which regulated the exchangeable value of commodities, namely the comparative quantity of labour by which they were produced, can be at all altered by the appropriation of land and the payment of rent. Raw material enters into the composition of most commodities, but the value of that raw material as well as corn, is regulated by the productiveness of the portion of capital last employed on the land, and paying no rent; and therefore rent is not a component part of the price of commodities.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 61 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

李嘉图反驳亚当·斯密:地租不是粮价的组成部分,而是粮价高的结果。因为最劣等地(投入劳动最多)决定粮价,地租是优等地与劣等地的产量差,不进入价格。所以,商品交换价值由劳动量决定这一规则,不会因土地私有和地租而改变。原材料价值也由不付租的边际资本生产力决定。可操作的做法:分析价格时,盯住边际成本,别把地租当成本加进价格。

上下文

李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》1817年,讨论地租与价格关系,批评斯密。

今日一问

你分析成本时,是否误把地租等非边际成本当成了价格的决定因素?

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