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托马斯·马尔萨斯:人口论·摘录 120

托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资

It is a truth, which history I am afraid makes too clear, that some men of the highest mental powers have been addicted not only to a moderate, but even to an immoderate indulgence in the pleasures of sensual love. But allowing, as I should be inclined to do, notwithstanding numerous instances to the contrary, that great intellectual exertions tend to diminish the empire of this passion over man, it is evident that the mass of mankind must be improved more highly than the brightest ornaments of the species at present before any difference can take place sufficient sensibly to affect population. I would by no means suppose that the mass of mankind has reached its term of improvement, but the principal argument of this essay tends to place in a strong point of view the improbability that the lower classes of people in any country should ever be sufficiently free from want and labour to obtain any high degree of intellectual improvement.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位:Excerpt 120 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

马尔萨斯承认,历史上不少智力极高的人反而沉溺于肉欲,甚至毫无节制。但他愿意退一步假设:高强度的智力活动总体上会削弱情欲对人的支配。即便如此,他也强调,要让这种影响明显到足以改变人口趋势,必须先把普通大众的智力提升到远超今天最杰出人物的水平。他并不认为人类大众已经到达进步的终点,但全书的核心论证恰恰要突出一个冷酷的现实:任何国家的下层民众都很难摆脱匮乏与劳作的压迫,因而几乎不可能获得高度的智力提升。换句话说,寄望于通过普及智力来抑制人口,在现实条件下希望渺茫。

上下文

马尔萨斯《人口论》1798年初版,反驳葛德文等人对人类无限完善的乐观设想。

今日一问

如果改善大众智力需要先摆脱匮乏与过度劳作,那么今天哪些政策顺序可能被我们弄反了?

公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

本文本为公版;底本与原文链接见上。 版权

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