投资 · 西方古典
托马斯·马尔萨斯:人口论·摘录 151
托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资
Perhaps there is no possible way in which wealth could in general be employed so beneficially to a state, and particularly to the lower orders of it, as by improving and rendering productive that land which to a farmer would not answer the expense of cultivation. Had Mr Godwin exerted his energetic eloquence in painting the superior worth and usefulness of the character who employed the poor in this way, to him who employed them in narrow luxuries, every enlightened man must have applauded his efforts. The increasing demand for agricultural labour must always tend to better the condition of the poor; and if the accession of work be of this kind, so far is it from being true that the poor would be obliged to work ten hours for the same price that they before worked eight, that the very reverse would be the fact; and a labourer might then support his wife and family as well by the labour of six hours as he could before by the labour of eight.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位:Excerpt 151 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
马尔萨斯认为,财富最有益的用法,是改良并开垦那些对农场主来说不划算的土地,尤其对底层人好处最大。他批评葛德文没把这种雇佣穷人的地主描绘得比雇佣穷人做奢侈品的富人更高尚。农业劳动需求增加,总会改善穷人处境:如果新增的是农活,穷人不会被迫干十小时才拿原来八小时的钱,反而可能干六小时就能养家,因为粮食供给跟着增加,劳动价格上升不会全被物价吃掉。核心是:把资本引向土地改良,能同时提高工资和食物供给,让穷人真正受益。
上下文
马尔萨斯在《人口论》中反驳葛德文,主张农业改良比奢侈品雇佣更利于穷人。
今日一问
今天若把资金投向能提高粮食供给的农业改良,是否比投向奢侈品更能改善低收入者生活?
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