投资 · 西方古典
托马斯·马尔萨斯:人口论·摘录 152
托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资
The labour created by luxuries, though useful in distributing the produce of the country, without vitiating the proprietor by power, or debasing the labourer by dependence, has not, indeed, the same beneficial effects on the state of the poor. A great accession of work from manufacturers, though it may raise the price of labour even more than an increasing demand for agricultural labour, yet, as in this case the quantity of food in the country may not be proportionably increasing, the advantage to the poor will be but temporary, as the price of provisions must necessarily rise in proportion to the price of labour. Relative to this subject, I cannot avoid venturing a few remarks on a part of Dr Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, speaking at the same time with that diffidence which I ought certainly to feel in differing from a person so justly celebrated in the political world.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位:Excerpt 152 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
马尔萨斯说,奢侈品带来的劳动虽能分配财富,却不像农业劳动那样改善穷人状态。制造业大量招工,可能把工资抬得比农业需求还高,但国内食物没同步增加,好处只是暂时的,因为物价迟早跟着工资涨。所以穷人名义工资高了,实际能买的东西没多。他还说,自己不敢轻易反驳亚当·斯密,但觉得斯密把社会收入或资本增加都当成维持劳动基金的增加,可能有问题。关键取舍是:看工资涨没涨,更要看食物供给跟不跟得上。
上下文
马尔萨斯《人口论》讨论制造业与农业对穷人的不同影响,并质疑亚当·斯密。
今日一问
当工资上涨但食品价格也涨时,我们该用什么指标判断穷人生活真的变好了?
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