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托马斯·马尔萨斯:人口论·摘录 154

托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资

The question is whether wealth, increasing in this way, has any tendency to better the condition of the labouring poor. It is a self-evident proposition that any general rise in the price of labour, the stock of provisions remaining the same, can only be a nominal rise, as it must very shortly be followed by a proportional rise in the price of provisions. The increase in the price of labour, therefore, which we have supposed, would have little or no effect in giving the labouring poor a greater command over the necessaries and conveniences of life. In this respect they would be nearly in the same state as before. In one other respect they would be in a worse state. A greater proportion of them would be employed in manufactures, and fewer, consequently, in agriculture. And this exchange of professions will be allowed, I think, by all, to be very unfavourable in respect of health, one essential ingredient of happiness, besides the greater uncertainty of manufacturing labour, arising from the capricious taste of man, the accidents of war, and other causes.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位:Excerpt 154 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

马尔萨斯问:财富这样增加,到底能不能改善劳动穷人?他说,如果食物总量不变,工资普遍上涨只是名义上的,因为物价很快会按比例涨。所以穷人实际能买的东西几乎没变。更糟的是,更多人转去制造业,农业人手减少。这种职业转换对健康不利,而健康是幸福的关键要素;制造业工作还更不稳定,受消费口味变化、战争等影响。结论是:单靠制造业扩张带来的财富,可能让穷人名义工资高一点,实际生活却更差、更不安稳。

上下文

马尔萨斯《人口论》分析制造业财富增加对穷人实际生活的影响。

今日一问

如果一份工作工资略高但更不稳定、更伤健康,你会怎么权衡它是不是真正的好工作?

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