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托马斯·马尔萨斯:人口论·摘录 17

托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资

In entering upon the argument I must premise that I put out of the question, at present, all mere conjectures, that is, all suppositions, the probable realization of which cannot be inferred upon any just philosophical grounds. A writer may tell me that he thinks man will ultimately become an ostrich. I cannot properly contradict him. But before he can expect to bring any reasonable person over to his opinion, he ought to shew that the necks of mankind have been gradually elongating, that the lips have grown harder and more prominent, that the legs and feet are daily altering their shape, and that the hair is beginning to change into stubs of feathers. And till the probability of so wonderful a conversion can be shewn, it is surely lost time and lost eloquence to expatiate on the happiness of man in such a state; to describe his powers, both of running and flying, to paint him in a condition where all narrow luxuries would be contemned, where he would be employed only in collecting the necessaries of life, and where, consequently, each man's share of labour would be light, and his portion of leisure ample.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位:Excerpt 17 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

在进入论证时,我必须前提声明,目前我排除所有纯粹的猜测,即所有无法根据任何公正哲学理由推断其可能实现的假设。一个作者可能告诉我他认为人类最终会变成鸵鸟。我不能恰当地反驳他。但在他期望说服任何理性的人之前,他应该展示人类脖子逐渐变长,嘴唇变硬变突出,腿和脚每天改变形状,头发开始变成羽毛梗。在如此奇妙转变的可能性被展示之前,详细阐述人类在这种状态下的幸福,描述他奔跑和飞行的能力,描绘一种蔑视狭隘奢侈、只从事收集生活必需品、因此每人劳动份额轻闲、闲暇充足的条件,肯定是浪费时间和口才。

上下文

马尔萨斯在《人口论》中区分可论证的假设与无根据的猜测,以鸵鸟为例讽刺空想。

今日一问

你讨论未来时,是否区分了有根据的推测和纯粹的幻想?

公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

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