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托马斯·马尔萨斯:人口论·摘录 96

托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资

With regard to the duration of human life, there does not appear to have existed from the earliest ages of the world to the present moment the smallest permanent symptom or indication of increasing prolongation. The observable effects of climate, habit, diet, and other causes, on length of life have furnished the pretext for asserting its indefinite extension; and the sandy foundation on which the argument rests is that because the limit of human life is undefined; because you cannot mark its precise term, and say so far exactly shall it go and no further; that therefore its extent may increase for ever, and be properly termed indefinite or unlimited. But the fallacy and absurdity of this argument will sufficiently appear from a slight examination of what Mr Condorcet calls the organic perfectibility, or degeneration, of the race of plants and animals, which he says may be regarded as one of the general laws of nature.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位:Excerpt 96 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

马尔萨斯认为,从古至今,人类寿命并没有出现持续延长的明确迹象。有人拿气候、习惯、饮食等因素对寿命的影响做文章,说寿命可以无限延长;他们的理由是:寿命的界限无法精确划定,你没法说“到此为止,不能再多”,所以寿命就可以永远增加,被称为无限。马尔萨斯指出,这种推理站不住脚。他引用孔多塞关于动植物“有机完善性或退化”的说法,认为只要稍微检查一下,就能看出这种论证的荒谬。核心是:不能因为界限模糊,就断言可以无限突破。

上下文

马尔萨斯《人口论》1798年初版,反驳孔多塞等人对人类无限进步的乐观设想。

今日一问

我是否也曾因为“界限说不清”,就默认某件事可以无限变好?

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