投资 · 西方古典

弗雷德里克·巴斯夏:经济诡辩·摘录 104

弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资

But I go further, and maintain that the heavier our taxes are, the more we should hasten to throw open our ports and our frontiers to foreigners less heavily taxed than ourselves. And why? In order to throw back upon them a greater share of our burden. Is it not an incontestable axiom in political economy that taxes ultimately fall on the consumer? The more, then, our exchanges are multiplied, the more will foreign consumers reimburse us for the taxes incorporated and worked up in the products we sell them; whilst we in this respect will have to make them a smaller restitution, seeing that their products, according to our hypothesis, are less heavily burdened than ours.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位:Excerpt 104 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

巴师夏进一步主张:税越重,越应该赶紧开放港口和边境,让外国商品进来。为什么?因为税收最终落在消费者头上。我们开放贸易,外国消费者买我们的产品时,就会替我们承担一部分嵌在产品里的税;而我们从外国买的产品,因为对方税轻,我们承担的就少。这样一进一出,等于把一部分税负转嫁给外国消费者。所以,贸易越自由、交换越多,我们越能减轻自己的税负。当然,这需要对方税负比我们轻。

上下文

巴师夏在《经济诡辩》中运用政治经济学原理,论证自由贸易有助于减轻本国税负。

今日一问

如果税负最终由消费者承担,那么开放贸易是否真的能减轻你的生活成本?

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