投资 · 西方古典
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏:经济诡辩·摘录 119
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资
The truth is, it would be necessary to take the balance of trade _backwards [au rebours]_, and calculate the national profits from foreign trade by the excess of imports over exports. This excess, after deducting costs, constitutes the real profit. But this theory, which is true, leads directly to free trade. I make you a present of it, gentlemen, as I do of all the theories in the preceding chapters. Exaggerate it as much as you please--it has nothing to fear from that test. Suppose, if that amuses you, that the foreigner inundates us with all sorts of useful commodities without asking anything in return, that our imports are _infinite_ and exports _nil_, I defy you to prove to me that we should be poorer on that account.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位:Excerpt 119 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
核心是:贸易顺差并非国家赚钱,逆差才是真利润。因为进口多于出口,意味着我们拿到的外国货比送出去的更多,差额扣掉成本就是净赚。所以,真正正确的算法是把贸易差额倒过来看。这个道理一旦成立,就直接指向自由贸易:既然多进口是好事,就没必要限制进口。巴师夏甚至说,哪怕外国人白送我们各种有用商品、进口无限大、出口为零,我们也不会更穷,反而更富。
上下文
巴师夏《经济诡辩》写于19世纪中叶法国,当时流行重商主义,认为出口多、进口少才富强,政府据此设关税保护。
今日一问
今天你买东西时,会本能觉得“钱花出去就亏了”,还是先看换回了什么?
公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
你的邮箱
只用于发送原典。不发广告,不卖名单。
本文本为公版;底本与原文链接见上。 版权