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弗雷德里克·巴斯夏:经济诡辩·摘录 226
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资
The immediate effect of the invention and employment of an ingenious machine is to render superfluous, for the attainment of a given result, a certain amount of manual labour. But its action does not stop there. For the very reason that the desired result is obtained with fewer efforts, the product is handed over to the public at a lower price; and the aggregate of savings thus realized by all purchasers, enables them to procure other satisfactions; that is to say, to encourage manual labour in general to exactly the extent of the manual labour which has been saved in the special branch of industry which has been recently improved. So that the level of labour has not fallen, while that of enjoyments has risen.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位:Excerpt 226 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
新机器刚出现时,确实会让某个环节少用一些人工。但事情没完:因为用更少力气就得到同样结果,产品价格会下降;所有买的人省下的钱,会拿去购买别的商品和服务,于是又在其他行业创造出正好相当于省下来的人工的需求。结果就业总量没降,享受却多了。所以,别只盯着被机器替代的那部分,要看省下的钱流到哪里去了。
上下文
巴斯夏在《经济诡辩》中解释机器替代劳动的连锁效应,反驳“机器必然减少就业”的流行看法。
今日一问
你买东西省下的钱,通常会花到哪里?这会不会创造新的工作?
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