投资 · 西方古典
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏：经济诡辩·摘录 295
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资
The wars waged by a conquering nation are not always offensive and aggressive wars. Such a nation is sometimes so unfortunate as to be obliged to send its soldiers into the field to defend the domestic hearth, and to protect its families, its property, its independence, and its liberty. War then assumes a character of grandeur and sacredness. The national banner, blessed by the ministers of the God of peace, represents all that is most sacred in the land; it is followed as the living image of patriotism and of honour; and warlike virtues are extolled above all other virtues. But when the danger is past, public opinion still prevails; and by the natural reaction of a spirit of revenge, which is mistaken for patriotism, the banner is paraded from capital to capital. It is in this way that nature seems to prepare a punishment for the aggressor.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位：Excerpt 295 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
一个征服国家发动的战争并不总是进攻性和侵略性的。这样的国家有时不幸不得不派士兵上战场保卫家园，保护家庭、财产、独立和自由。这时战争就带有伟大和神圣的性质。国旗由和平之神的牧师祝福，代表土地上最神圣的一切；它作为爱国主义和荣誉的活形象被追随；好战的美德被颂扬为高于其他一切美德。但当危险过去，公众舆论仍然盛行；由于一种被误认为爱国主义的报复精神的自然反应，国旗从一个首都游行到另一个首都。自然似乎就这样为侵略者准备了惩罚。这说明，战争动员容易形成惯性，胜利后需警惕报复情绪被包装成爱国。
上下文
巴斯夏分析征服国战争的双重性：防御时神圣，胜利后易滑向报复性侵略。
今日一问
当集体情绪高涨时，你如何区分真正的爱国与盲目的报复？
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