经济诡辩·摘录 48 · 弗雷德里克·巴斯夏

But M. d'Argout tells us there is death where we think we perceive life, and that the importance of any branch of industry is in direct proportion to its powerlessness. What are we to expect, for instance, from the cultivation of beet-root? Do you not see that 48,000 _hectares_ of land, with capital and manual labour in proportion, are sufficient to supply all France with sugar? Then, this is a branch of industry of limited utility; limited, of course, with reference to the amount of labour which it demands, the only way in which, according to the ex-Minister, any branch of industry can be useful. This utility would be still more limited, if, owing to the fertility of the soil, and the richness of the beet-root, we could reap from 24,000 hectares, what at present we only obtain from 48,000. Oh! were only twenty times, a hundred times, more land, capital, and labour necessary to _yield us the same result_, so much the better. We might build some hopes on this new branch of industry, and it would be worthy of state protection, for it would offer a vast field to our national industry. But to produce much with little! that is a bad example, and it is time for the law to interfere.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位：Excerpt 48 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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达尔古先生告诉人们：我们以为看到生机的地方，其实藏着死亡；一个行业的重要性，跟它有多无能成正比。他举例说，种甜菜只要四万八千公顷土地，加上相应资本和人工，就能供应全法国的糖。于是他说，这个行业效用有限——因为按这位前部长的标准，一个行业只有需要大量劳动才算有用。巴斯夏反讽道：要是因为土地肥沃、甜菜含糖高，两万四千公顷就够用，那效用就更“有限”了。天哪！要是需要二十倍、一百倍的土地、资本和劳动才能得到同样结果，那才更好呢！那样才值得国家保护，因为能给国民工业提供广阔天地。可“用很少产出很多”却成了坏榜样，法律该来干涉了。

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达尔古曾任法国大臣，主张保护甜菜糖业。巴斯夏在《经济诡辩》中反驳这种以劳动量衡量价值的重商主义思路。

今日一问

如果一项技术让同样产出只需更少人力，你会为省下的资源高兴，还是为消失的岗位焦虑？

公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 龚廷贤《寿世保元》

\x镇液丹\x 防风（去芦酒洗三两）黄（蜜炙二两五錢）白术（去芦微炒一两）中桂（一两）白芍（酒炒一两五錢）大附子（面包煨去皮脐童便炒二两）上爲细末。酒糊爲丸。如梧桐子大。每服五七十丸。空心酒下。加酸枣仁炒一两。一治脚汗方白矾（五錢）干姜（五錢）上锉爲末。逐日洗。连五日。自然无汗。一治盗汗。用牙猪心一个。水二碗。入砂锅内。煮烂熟爲度。去心不用。另用当归、人参各二錢。半入煮心汁内。熬至大半瓯。去渣。不拘时服。猪心食否不拘。…

镇液丹：防风（去芦酒洗）三两、黄芪（蜜炙）二两五钱、白术（去芦微炒）一两、肉桂一两、白芍（酒炒）一两五钱、大附子（面包煨去皮脐，童便炒）二两，研细末，酒糊为丸如梧桐子大，每服五七十丸，空腹酒下，可加炒酸枣仁一两。治脚汗：白矾、干姜各五钱，锉末，每日洗，连洗五天自然无汗。治盗汗：猪心一个，水二碗砂锅煮烂，去心，用当归、人参各二钱半入煮心汁内熬至大半瓯，去渣不拘时服。内伤虚损自汗不止，用益气汤加熟附子、麻黄根、浮小麦，见效很快；但升麻、柴胡要用蜜水炒，以减缓其升发峻烈之性，又能引参芪达表。左寸脉浮洪自汗，是心火旺。

事业 · 普鲁塔克《希腊罗马名人传》

The integrity of the two Romans, and their superiority to money, was chiefly remarkable in this; that in office and the administration of public affairs, they kept themselves from the imputation of unjust gain;…

两位罗马人的正直和不贪财尤其显著：他们在任职和公共事务中避免了不正当获利的嫌疑；而阿吉斯如果只得到这样的称赞——不取任何人的不义之财——他可能会觉得受辱，因为他把自己的财产，仅现金就值六百塔兰特，分给了同胞公民。对他而言，勒索会是一种奇怪的罪行，因为他认为，即使合法获得比邻居更多的财富，也是一种贪婪。这说明，真正的慷慨在于分享自己的所有，而不仅仅是不取不义之财。

投资 · 塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯《节俭》

A hundred years ago, we could not build a steam-engine; we could scarcely build a bridge. Look at the churches built a hundred years ago, and behold the condition of our architecture. A hundred years ago, we had…

一百年前，英国造不了蒸汽机，连桥都难建好，建筑水平低下。国家处于低谷：没有像样的港口和船坞，泰晤士河上抢劫成风，公路上盗匪出没，苏格兰高地人甚至向低地农民收取保护费。这些乱象说明当时社会秩序和基础设施都很差。

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