投资 · 西方古典
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏：经济诡辩·摘录 72
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资
Let us suppose for a moment that the average daily wage which a Frenchman earns is equal to a shilling, and it follows incontestably that to produce directly an orange in France, a day's work, or its equivalent, is required; while to produce the value of a Portuguese orange, only a twelfth part of that day's labour would be necessary; which means exactly this, that the sun does at Lisbon what human labour does at Paris. Now, is it not very evident that if I can produce an orange, or, what comes to the same thing, the means of purchasing one, with a twelfth part of a day's labour, I am placed, with respect to this production, under exactly the same conditions as the Portuguese producer himself, excepting the carriage, which must be at my expense. It is certain, then, that liberty equalizes the conditions of production direct or indirect, as far as they can be equalized, since it leaves no other difference, but the inevitable one arising from the expense of transport.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位：Excerpt 72 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
巴斯夏假设法国工人日薪相当于一先令，那么在法国直接种出橙子需要一天劳动，而用一天劳动的十二分之一去交换葡萄牙橙子，就能得到同样的价值。这意味着里斯本的阳光完成了巴黎人力所做的工作。因此，如果我用十二分之一的劳动就能获得橙子或购买它的手段，那么除了运输费用外，我与葡萄牙生产者处于完全相同的条件。自由交换使直接生产和间接生产（通过交换）的条件趋于平等，剩下的唯一差别是不可避免的运输成本。核心是：贸易让各地自然优势为我所用，不必事事自己生产。做法是：比较自产和交换的成本，选择更省力的方式满足需求。
上下文
巴斯夏在《经济诡辩》中用橙子例子说明自由贸易如何让各国共享自然禀赋，反驳保护主义。
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你生活中有哪些事可以借助他人或他地的优势，而不是全部自己硬扛？
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