投资 · 西方古典
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏:经济诡辩·摘录 9
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资
We remark that a man grows richer in proportion to the return yielded by his exertions, that is to say, in proportion as he sells his commodity at a _higher price_. He sells at a higher price in proportion to the rarity, to the scarcity, of the article he produces. We conclude from this, that, as far as he is concerned at least, scarcity enriches him. Applying successively the same reasoning to all other producers, we construct the _theory of scarcity_. We next proceed to apply this theory, and, in order to favour producers generally, we raise prices artificially, and cause a scarcity of all commodities, by prohibition, by restriction, by the suppression of machinery, and other analogous means.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位:Excerpt 9 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
巴斯夏分析“稀缺理论”是怎么来的:我们看到一个人努力生产,东西卖得越贵,他赚得越多;而东西越稀有,价格就越高。于是我们得出结论:稀缺能让人变富。然后把这个道理套到所有生产者身上,就形成了“稀缺理论”。接着又把它用于政策,通过禁止、限制、打压机器等办法,人为制造稀缺、抬高价格,以为这样能帮助所有生产者。但巴斯夏指出,这只是从单个生产者角度看的错觉,因为每个人既是生产者也是消费者,抬高所有价格只会让所有人生活成本更高。
上下文
巴斯夏剖析“稀缺理论”的推理过程,说明它如何从局部观察被误用到全社会政策。
今日一问
你是否也曾因为自己卖的东西涨价而高兴,却忽略了自己买的东西也在涨价?
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