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弗雷德里克·巴斯夏:经济诡辩·摘录 92
弗雷德里克·巴斯夏《经济诡辩》· Economic Sophisms · 投资
Thus the liberality of nature, like improvements in the processes of production, is, or continually tends to become, under the law of competition, the common and gratuitous patrimony of consumers, of the masses, of mankind in general. Then, the countries which do not possess these advantages have everything to gain by exchanging their products with those countries which possess them, because the subject of exchange is _labour_, apart from the consideration of the natural utilities worked up with that labour; and the countries which have incorporated in a given amount of their labour the greatest amount of these _natural utilities_, are evidently the most favoured countries. Their products which represent the least amount of human labour are the least profitable; in other words, they _are cheaper_; and if the whole liberality of nature resolves itself into _cheapness_, it is evidently not the producing, but the consuming, country which reaps the benefit.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44145
定位:Excerpt 92 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
自然的慷慨,像生产技术进步一样,在竞争法则下不断变成消费者的免费共同财产。没有这些优势的国家,与有优势的国家交换产品反而受益,因为交换的是劳动,自然效用不计入。自然效用占比越大的产品,人类劳动越少,越便宜;便宜惠及消费国而非生产国。核心是:自然优势最终让全球消费者受益,生产国不必眼红,交换对双方都有利。
上下文
巴斯夏《经济诡辩》中总结自然恩惠与竞争的关系,强调交换基于劳动,自然效用免费。
今日一问
你是否曾认为与资源丰富的国家贸易会吃亏?想想交换的其实是劳动,而非自然赠予。
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