投资 · 西方古典
托斯丹·凡勃伦：有闲阶级论·摘录 106
托斯丹·凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》· The Theory of the Leisure Class · 投资
On the other hand, the immediate interest of the individual under the competitive regime is best served by shrewd trading and unscrupulous management. The characteristics named above as serving the interests of the community are disserviceable to the individual, rather than otherwise. The presence of these aptitudes in his make-up diverts his energies to other ends than those of pecuniary gain; and also in his pursuit of gain they lead him to seek gain by the indirect and ineffectual channels of industry, rather than by a free and unfaltering career of sharp practice. The industrial aptitudes are pretty consistently a hindrance to the individual. Under the regime of emulation the members of a modern industrial community are rivals, each of whom will best attain his individual and immediate advantage if, through an exceptional exemption from scruple, he is able serenely to overreach and injure his fellows when the chance offers.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位：Excerpt 106 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
凡勃伦指出，在竞争制度下，个人最直接的利益靠精明交易和不择手段的经营来满足。前面说的那些对共同体有利的品质，对个人反而多半不利。拥有这些品质，会把精力引向金钱收益之外的目标；即使追求收益，也会让人走间接、低效的产业渠道，而不是毫无顾忌地耍手段。产业才能对个人来说几乎总是障碍。在攀比制度下，现代工业社会的成员互为对手，谁能在机会出现时心安理得地欺骗和损害别人，谁就最能实现个人眼前利益。
上下文
凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》对比个人利益与共同体利益在竞争制度下的冲突。
今日一问
当制度奖励不择手段时，你如何守住自己的底线？
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