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托斯丹·凡勃伦：有闲阶级论·摘录 136
托斯丹·凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》· The Theory of the Leisure Class · 投资
It has already been pointed out that these latter classes, which live by, rather than in, the industrial process, are roughly comprised under two categories (1) the leisure class proper, which is shielded from the stress of the economic situation; and (2) the indigent classes, including the lower-class delinquents, which are unduly exposed to the stress. In the case of the former class an archaic habit of mind persists because no effectual economic pressure constrains this class to an adaptation of its habits of thought to the changing situation; while in the latter the reason for a failure to adjust their habits of thought to the altered requirements of industrial efficiency is innutrition, absence of such surplus of energy as is needed in order to make the adjustment with facility, together with a lack of opportunity to acquire and become habituated to the modern point of view. The trend of the selective process runs in much the same direction in both cases.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位：Excerpt 136 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
凡勃伦说，靠工业过程生活而非生活在其中的阶级分两类：一是有闲阶级，受经济压力保护；二是贫困阶级，包括下层罪犯，过度暴露于压力。有闲阶级因无经济压力，保留古老心态；贫困阶级则因营养不良、缺乏精力、没机会接触现代观点，无法调整心态。两者选择过程方向相似，都跟不上工业效率的要求。
上下文
凡勃伦分析有闲阶级和贫困阶级为何都保留旧心态，认为原因不同但结果相似。
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