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托斯丹·凡勃伦：有闲阶级论·摘录 22
托斯丹·凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》· The Theory of the Leisure Class · 投资
Property set out with being booty held as trophies of the successful raid. So long as the group had departed and so long as it still stood in close contact with other hostile groups, the utility of things or persons owned lay chiefly in an invidious comparison between their possessor and the enemy from whom they were taken. The habit of distinguishing between the interests of the individual and those of the group to which he belongs is apparently a later growth. Invidious comparison between the possessor of the honorific booty and his less successful neighbours within the group was no doubt present early as an element of the utility of the things possessed, though this was not at the outset the chief element of their value. The man's prowess was still primarily the group's prowess, and the possessor of the booty felt himself to be primarily the keeper of the honour of his group. This appreciation of exploit from the communal point of view is met with also at later stages of social growth, especially as regards the laurels of war.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位：Excerpt 22 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
财产最初是作为成功劫掠的战利品而存在的。只要群体还处在迁徙中、还与其他敌对群体紧密接触，所拥有的东西或人的效用，主要就在于拿占有者和被夺者做带贬低意味的比较。把个人利益和群体利益区分开来的习惯，显然是后来才发展出来的。在群体内部，拥有荣誉性战利品的人与不那么成功的邻居之间的贬低性比较，无疑很早就存在，是占有物效用的一部分，尽管起初并不是其主要价值。一个人的勇武仍然主要是群体的勇武，战利品持有者主要觉得自己是群体荣誉的守护者。这种从共同体角度对功绩的欣赏，在社会发展的 later stages 也能见到，尤其是战功的桂冠。
上下文
凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》追溯财产起源，认为最初财产是战利品，其价值在于与敌人和邻人的比较。
今日一问
你获得的成就有多少被你看作“自己的”，多少其实属于团队？
公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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