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托斯丹·凡勃伦:有闲阶级论·摘录 32

托斯丹·凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》· The Theory of the Leisure Class · 投资

During the predatory stage proper the distinction between the leisure and the labouring class is in some degree a ceremonial distinction only. The able bodied men jealously stand aloof from whatever is in their apprehension, menial drudgery; but their activity in fact contributes appreciably to the sustenance of the group. The subsequent stage of quasi-peaceable industry is usually characterised by an established chattel slavery, herds of cattle, and a servile class of herdsmen and shepherds; industry has advanced so far that the community is no longer dependent for its livelihood on the chase or on any other form of activity that can fairly be classed as exploit. From this point on, the characteristic feature of leisure class life is a conspicuous exemption from all useful employment.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位:Excerpt 32 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

在掠夺阶段,有闲阶级与劳动阶级的区分多少只是仪式性的:壮年男子刻意远离他们眼中的卑贱苦役,但他们的活动实际上仍明显供养群体。到了准和平的工业阶段,通常出现奴隶制、牛群和奴仆般的牧人,工业已进步到群体不再靠狩猎或可算“掠夺”的活动谋生。从此,有闲阶级生活的典型特征就是 conspicuously 免于一切有用劳动。核心是:当生产足够养活人,不干活才真正成为身份展示。

上下文

凡勃伦分析有闲阶级从掠夺文化到准和平工业阶段的演变,强调奴隶制与畜牧业的出现。

今日一问

你所在的组织里,有没有“不碰具体活”反而显得地位高”的现象?

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