投资 · 西方古典
托斯丹·凡勃伦：有闲阶级论·摘录 53
托斯丹·凡勃伦《有闲阶级论》· The Theory of the Leisure Class · 投资
So long as the community or social group is small enough and compact enough to be effectually reached by common notoriety alone that is to say, so long as the human environment to which the individual is required to adapt himself in respect of reputability is comprised within his sphere of personal acquaintance and neighborhood gossip--so long the one method is about as effective as the other. Each will therefore serve about equally well during the earlier stages of social growth. But when the differentiation has gone farther and it becomes necessary to reach a wider human environment, consumption begins to hold over leisure as an ordinary means of decency. This is especially true during the later, peaceable economic stage. The means of communication and the mobility of the population now expose the individual to the observation of many persons who have no other means of judging of his reputability than the display of goods (and perhaps of breeding) which he is able to make while he is under their direct observation.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位：Excerpt 53 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
只要社区或社会群体足够小、足够紧密，单靠名声就能有效传播——也就是说，个人需要适应的声望环境限于熟人圈和邻里闲话——那么两种方法效果差不多。在社会发展早期，两者都管用。但当分化加剧，需要触及更广的人群时，消费开始比休闲更成为体面的普通手段。这在后期和平经济阶段尤其如此。因为通讯和人口流动使个人暴露在许多陌生人面前，他们只能通过你展示的商品（也许还有教养）来判断你的声望。
上下文
凡勃伦解释为什么随着社会扩大和流动增加，炫耀性消费比休闲更有效。
今日一问
在陌生人面前，你靠什么快速建立可信度？是消费展示还是别的？
公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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