有闲阶级论·摘录 62 · 托斯丹·凡勃伦

The generalization for which the discussion so far affords ground is that any valuable object in order to appeal to our sense of beauty must conform to the requirements of beauty and of expensiveness both. But this is not all. Beyond this the canon of expensiveness also affects our tastes in such a way as to inextricably blend the marks of expensiveness, in our appreciation, with the beautiful features of the object, and to subsume the resultant effect under the head of an appreciation of beauty simply. The marks of expensiveness come to be accepted as beautiful features of the expensive articles. They are pleasing as being marks of honorific costliness, and the pleasure which they afford on this score blends with that afforded by the beautiful form and color of the object; so that we often declare that an article of apparel, for instance, is "perfectly lovely," when pretty much all that an analysis of the aesthetic value of the article would leave ground for is the declaration that it is pecuniarily honorific.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/833
定位：Excerpt 62 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

白话

凡勃伦说，一件贵重物品要打动我们的美感，必须同时满足“美”和“贵”两个条件。但更关键的是，贵气的标记会悄悄混进我们对美的感受里，让我们把“显得贵”直接当成“美”。比如我们夸一件衣服“太美了”，仔细分析，可能真正打动我们的只是它看起来昂贵、有面子。贵气本身被当成了美的特征，我们却浑然不觉。

上下文

凡勃伦分析炫耀性消费如何把“昂贵”的标记混入审美判断，使人们把贵气误认为美。

今日一问

下次夸一件东西“好看”时，不妨问问自己：我到底是被它的形式打动，还是被它的价格标签打动？

公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 龚廷贤《寿世保元》

\x溯源丹\x 当归（酒洗）熟地黄（酒蒸）蕲艾（酒炒各二两）香附（醋浸炒三两）川芎（米泔制）人参（各一两二錢）白芍（酒炒）阿胶（蛤粉炒）白术（去芦）茅根（各六錢）椿根皮（酒炒）黄柏（酒炒各一两）地榆（七錢）白茯苓（去皮八錢）白石脂（七錢）上爲细末。米醋糊爲丸。如梧子大。每服五六十丸。空心。米湯送下。一治妇人赤白带下。上热下寒。口出恶气。或咽干。或牙痛。或耳鸣。或遍身流注疼痛发热憎寒。或口吐酸水。或心腹气痛。或下五色腥臭用。…

溯源丹用当归酒洗、熟地黄酒蒸、蕲艾酒炒各二两，醋浸炒香附三两，米泔制川芎、人参各一两二钱，酒炒白芍、蛤粉炒阿胶、白术、茅根各六钱，酒炒椿根皮、酒炒黄柏各一两，地榆七钱，白茯苓八钱，白石脂七钱。研细末，米醋糊丸梧桐子大，每服五六十丸，空腹米汤送下。治赤白带下而见上热下寒：口出恶气、咽干、牙痛、耳鸣、遍身流注疼痛发热憎寒、吐酸水、心腹气痛、下五色腥臭。另清玉散用当归、川芎、生地、丹皮、陈皮、黄连、升麻、甘草、半夏、茯苓、赤芍、苍术、香附、黄芩、柴胡，生姜煎服，治白带效神。

事业 · 司馬光《资治通鉴》

莽又封黃帝、少昊、顓頊、帝嚳、堯、舜、夏、商、周及皋陶、伊尹之後皆為公、侯，使各奉其祭祀。

王莽封黄帝、少昊、颛顼、帝喾、尧、舜、夏、商、周以及皋陶、伊尹的后代为公侯，让他们各自奉祀祖先。这是王莽托古改制的一部分，借尊崇古代圣王后裔来彰显新朝继承正统、重视礼教。但实际效果有限，更多是象征性的政治姿态，并未真正恢复古制。

事业 · 安德鲁·卡内基《安德鲁·卡内基自传》

It is easy to look back and say that the vital step of opening the works should never have been taken. All the firm had to do was to say to the men: "There is a labor dispute here and you must settle it between…

事后回看，当初根本不该开工。公司只需对工人说：“这里有劳资纠纷，你们自己解决。公司已给出非常优厚的条件。纠纷解决前工厂不开工，岗位为你们保留。”或者，主管可以对那三千人说：“好，你们来开工，但安全自己负责。”把保护自己的责任交给三千人对两百一十八人。然而，州政府官员建议派警长带警卫保护多数人，结果少数工会领袖暴力持枪，反而吓住了多数人。关键教训：面对纠纷，应让双方自己谈判，或明确责任归属，而不是引入外部武力，激化矛盾。

本文本为公版；底本与原文链接见上。版权

← 返回原文库

白话

上下文

今日一问

同主题延伸

你的邮箱