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保罗·格雷厄姆:如何做出伟大的工作·第4则

保罗·格雷厄姆《《如何做出伟大的工作》》· How to Do Great Work · 领导 · 人性 · 认知

One way to discover broken models is to be stricter than other people. Broken models of the world leave a trail of clues where they bash against reality. Most people don't want to see these clues. It would be an understatement to say that they're attached to their current model; it's what they think in; so they'll tend to ignore the trail of clues left by its breakage, however conspicuous it may seem in retrospect. To find new ideas you have to seize on signs of breakage instead of looking away. That's what Einstein did. He was able to see the wild implications of Maxwell's equations not so much because he was looking for new ideas as because he was stricter. The other thing you need is a willingness to break rules.

出处: https://paulgraham.com/greatwork.html
定位:Essay, additional excerpt 4 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

想发现哪里想错了,可以比一般人更较真。错误的世界模型撞上现实会留下线索,但多数人因为太习惯现有想法而视而不见。要找到新想法,就得抓住这些破裂的迹象,而不是扭头不看。爱因斯坦就是这样:他并非刻意找新理论,而是对矛盾更严格,才看出麦克斯韦方程组的惊人含义。另外,你还得愿意打破规则。做法是:遇到反常或矛盾时,别急着解释过去,先记下来,追问它意味着什么。

上下文

同文讨论如何发现新想法,举爱因斯坦为例,说明严格和打破规则的重要性。

今日一问

你最近注意到哪个反常现象,却习惯性地忽略过去了?

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