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弗朗西斯·培根：随笔·摘录 61
弗朗西斯·培根《随笔》· Essays · 领导 · 财富
To speak now of the reformation, and reiglement, of usury; how the discommodities of it may be best avoided, and the commodities retained. It appears, by the balance of commodities and discommodities of usury, two things are to be reconciled. The one, that the tooth of usury be grinded, that it bite not too much; the other, that there be left open a means, to invite moneyed men to lend to the merchants, for the continuing and quickening of trade. This cannot be done, except you introduce two several sorts of usury, a less and a greater. For if you reduce usury to one low rate, it will ease the common borrower, but the merchant will be to seek for money. And it is to be noted, that the trade of merchandize, being the most lucrative, may bear usury at a good rate; other contracts not so.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/575
定位：Excerpt 61 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
培根提出改革高利贷的具体办法：既要磨钝它的牙齿，不让它咬人太狠，又要留一条路，让有钱人愿意借钱给商人，好让贸易转得动。这两件事靠一个利率做不到，所以得设两种利率：一种低息，照顾普通借款人；一种较高，专门面向商人。因为商人做买卖利润最厚，能承受较高利息，别的契约就不行。这样分开，既减轻普通人的负担，又不让商人借不到钱。
上下文
培根《随笔》论高利贷，针对当时英国商人融资难、平民受高息盘剥的双重问题。
今日一问
如果让你设计一个借贷规则，你会怎样既保护弱者又不让真正需要资金的人借不到钱？
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