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普鲁塔克：希腊罗马名人传·摘录 81
普鲁塔克《希腊罗马名人传》· Plutarch's Lives · 财富 · 健康 · 认知 · 领导
In actual service, Nicias did much that deserves high praise. He frequently defeated the enemy in battle, and was on the very point of capturing Syracuse; nor should he bear the whole blame of the disaster, which may fairly be ascribed in part to his want of health and to the jealousy entertained of him at home. Crassus, on the other hand, committed so many errors as not to leave fortune room to show him favor. It is no surprise to find such imbecility fall a victim to the power of Parthia; the only wonder is to see it prevailing over the wonted good-fortune of Rome. One scrupulously observed, the other entirely slighted the arts of divination; and as both equally perished, it is difficult to see what inference we should draw. Yet the fault of over-caution, supported by old and general opinion, better deserves forgiveness than that of self-willed and lawless transgression.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/674
定位：Excerpt 81 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
普鲁塔克比较尼西阿斯和克拉苏：尼西阿斯实战多胜，几乎攻下叙拉古，失败部分归因于健康不佳和国内嫉妒；克拉苏错误百出，失败不冤。两人一个谨守占卜，一个蔑视神意，却同样覆灭，令人难断因果。但作者认为，过度谨慎源于传统共识，比任性违法更可原谅。这提醒我们，评估成败要区分主观努力与客观限制，不要简单归因。决策时，尊重经验与规范，但也要避免因过度保守而错失时机。
上下文
普鲁塔克在《克拉苏传》结尾比较尼西阿斯与克拉苏的成败，探讨命运与个人过失的关系。
今日一问
在评价自己或他人的失败时，你能否分清哪些是可控错误，哪些是外部因素？
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