君主论·摘录 115 · 尼可罗·马基雅维利

After this there came to Castruccio those citizens of Pisa, Pistoia, and Lucca, who had been fighting at his side, and whilst recommending Pagolo to them, and making them swear obedience to him as his successor, he died. He left a happy memory to those who had known him, and no prince of those times was ever loved with such devotion as he was. His obsequies were celebrated with every sign of mourning, and he was buried in San Francesco at Lucca. Fortune was not so friendly to Pagolo Guinigi as she had been to Castruccio, for he had not the abilities. Not long after the death of Castruccio, Pagolo lost Pisa, and then Pistoia, and only with difficulty held on to Lucca. This latter city continued in the family of Guinigi until the time of the great-grandson of Pagolo.

出处： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1232
定位：Excerpt 115 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录

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卡斯特鲁乔临终前，把比萨、皮斯托亚和卢卡来的市民叫到身边，让他们宣誓效忠他的儿子帕戈洛，并推荐帕戈洛作为继承人，随后去世。他给认识他的人留下美好回忆，那个时代没有哪位君主像他那样被深爱。他的葬礼极尽哀荣，葬在卢卡的圣方济各教堂。但命运对帕戈洛并不像对卡斯特鲁乔那样友好，因为帕戈洛没有相应的才能。卡斯特鲁乔死后不久，帕戈洛就失去了比萨，接着失去皮斯托亚，仅勉强保住卢卡。卢卡在圭尼吉家族手中一直延续到帕戈洛的曾孙时代。这说明：继承不仅靠血统和安排，更靠继承人自身的能力；缺乏才能，再好的基础也会迅速瓦解。

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马基雅维利《君主论》中关于卡斯特鲁乔·卡斯特拉卡尼的叙述，他是卢卡的统治者。

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如果你要交班或传承，是否只安排了位置，却忽略了培养接班人的能力？

公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

健康 · 马可·奥勒留《沉思录》

X. As the spider, when it hath caught the fly that it hunted after, is not little proud, nor meanly conceited of herself: as he likewise that hath caught an hare, or hath taken a fish with his net: as another for the…

蜘蛛抓到苍蝇就得意，猎人抓到野兔或鱼就自豪，有人猎到野猪或熊就骄傲，同样，那些打败萨尔马提亚人或北方民族的士兵也自夸英勇。但如果你看他们的内心，这些著名的战士大多不过是在追逐猎物罢了。核心是：别把征服和杀戮当成真正的荣耀。为什么？因为那和动物捕食本质相同，只是规模更大。做法是：审视自己引以为傲的成就，看它是否只是另一种形式的“狩猎”，从而保持谦卑。

投资 · 陈梦雷等（编）《钦定古今图书集成·食货典》

乙丑，振淮南、京東西流民。」按《食貨志》：「高宗南渡，民之從者如歸市。既為之衣食以振其饑寒，又為之醫藥以救其疾病。其有隕於戈甲、斃於道路者，則給度牒瘞埋之。若丐者，育之於居養院。其病也，療之於安濟坊。其死也，葬之於漏澤園。歲以為常。」紹興以來，歲有水旱，發常平義倉，或濟或糶或貸，如恐不及。然當艱難之際，兵食方急，儲蓄有限，而振給無窮，復以爵賞誘富人，相與補助，亦權宜不得已之策也。元年，詔：「出粟濟糶者，賞各有差；糶及三千石以上，與守…

核心是南宋建立一套救济流民和贫病的常规制度。高宗南渡时百姓追随如归市，朝廷给衣食救饥寒，给药救疾病，死于兵戈道路的给度牒埋葬；乞丐养在居养院，病者疗于安济坊，死者葬于漏泽园，年年如此。绍兴以来水旱时发常平义仓，或济或粜或贷，唯恐不及。但艰难之际军粮急、储蓄有限而救济无穷，又用爵赏诱富人补助，是权宜之计。元年诏出粟济粜者按等赏：粜三千石以上给守阙进义校尉。

投资 · 查理·芒格《《关于基本世俗智慧的演讲》》

And GEICO had a perfectly magnificent business submerged in a mess, but still working. Misled by success, GEICO had done some foolish things. They got to thinking that, because they were making a lot of money, they knew…

盖可保险本身是一门极好的生意，却陷在一团混乱里，但仍在运转。它被成功冲昏了头，做了些蠢事：因为赚了很多钱，就以为自己什么都懂。结果遭受巨大损失。这提醒我们，成功容易让人过度自信，进而犯错。对投资者来说，要警惕那些因为过去成功而盲目扩张、忽视风险的公司。做法是，看管理层是否把成功归因于运气或外部环境，是否保持谦逊和纪律。

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