Adam Smith：The Wealth of Nations, Book IV, Chapter III, Paragraph 1142

This balance of produce and consumption is entirely different from what is called the balance of trade. It might take place in a nation which had no foreign trade, but which was entirely separated from all the world. It may take place in the whole globe of the earth, of which the wealth, population, and improvement, may be either gradually increasing or gradually decaying.

Source： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3300
Locator：Book IV, Chapter III, paragraph 1142 · Verified：2026-10-19 · Verification：Exact match

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