Adam Smith：The Wealth of Nations, Book IV, Chapter VII, Paragraph 1297

The Venetians, during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, carried on a very advantageous commerce in spiceries and other East India goods, which they distributed among the other nations of Europe. They purchased them chiefly in Egypt, at that time under the dominion of the Mamelukes, the enemies of the Turks, of whom the Venetians were the enemies; and this union of interest, assisted by the money of Venice, formed such a connexion as gave the Venetians almost a monopoly of the trade.

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Locator：Book IV, Chapter VII, paragraph 1297 · Verified：2026-10-19 · Verification：Exact match

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