Adam Smith：The Wealth of Nations, Book IV, Chapter VIII, Paragraph 1530

Coals may be considered both as a material of manufacture, and as an instrument of trade. Heavy duties, accordingly, have been imposed upon their exportation, amounting at present (1783) to more than five shillings the ton, or more than fifteen shillings the chaldron, Newcastle measure; which is, in most cases, more than the original value of the commodity at the coal-pit, or even at the shipping port for exportation.

Source： https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3300
Locator：Book IV, Chapter VIII, paragraph 1530 · Verified：2026-10-19 · Verification：Exact match

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