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沃伦·巴菲特:伯克希尔 2000 年致股东信·补录 2
沃伦·巴菲特《伯克希尔·哈撒韦 2000 年致股东信》· 2000 Chairman's Letter · 领导 · 健康 · 财富 · 投资
Finally, the competitive picture changed in at least one important respect: State Farm — by far the largest personal auto insurer, with about 19% of the market — has been very slow to raise prices. Its costs, however, are clearly increasing right along with those of the rest of the industry. Consequently, State Farm had an underwriting loss last year from auto insurance (including rebates to policyholders) of 18% of premiums, compared to 4% at GEICO. Our loss produced a float cost for us of 6.1%, an unsatisfactory result. (Indeed, at GEICO we expect float, over time, to be free.) But we estimate that State Farm's float cost in 2000 was about 23%. The willingness of the largest player in the industry to tolerate such a cost makes the economics difficult for other participants.
出处:
https://www.berkshirehathaway.com/2000ar/2000letter.html
定位:2000 Chairman's Letter, additional excerpt 2 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
巴菲特指出,州立农业保险公司作为行业老大,市场份额约19%,却迟迟不涨价,导致其车险承保亏损高达保费的18%,而盖可只有4%。州立农业愿意承受如此高的成本,使得其他参与者很难竞争。这告诉我们,行业龙头的定价策略会直接影响整个行业的盈利水平。作为投资者,要关注龙头企业的行为,如果它不计成本地抢占市场,可能会拖累整个行业。同时,要选择成本控制好的公司,比如盖可,其浮存金成本有望免费。
上下文
2000年伯克希尔致股东信,巴菲特对比州立农业和盖可的承保表现,分析竞争格局。
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