事业 · 创业者自述
奥里森·斯威特·马登：向前进·摘录 362
奥里森·斯威特·马登《向前进》· Pushing to the Front · 领导
Among miners in some sections over six hundred out of a thousand die from consumption. In the prisons of Europe, where the fatal effects of bad air and filth are shown, over sixty-one per cent. of the deaths are from tuberculosis. In Bavarian monasteries, fifty per cent. of those who enter in good health die of consumption, and in the Prussian prisons it is almost the same. The effect of bad air, filth, and bad food is shown by the fact that the death-rate among these classes, between the ages of twenty and forty, is five times that of the general population of the same age. In New York City, over one-fifth of all the deaths of persons over twenty are from this cause. In large cities in Europe the percentage is often still greater. Of one thousand deaths from all causes, on the average, one hundred and three farmers die of pulmonary tuberculosis, one hundred and eight fishermen, one hundred and twenty-one gardeners, one hundred and twenty-two farm laborers, one hundred and sixty-seven grocers, two hundred and nine tailors, three hundred and one dry-goods dealers, and four hundred and sixty-one compositors,--nearly one-half.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/21291
定位：Excerpt 362 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
有些矿工一千人里六百多人死于肺痨；欧洲监狱里，脏空气和污秽让六成以上死者是结核病；巴伐利亚修道院中，健康进去的人有一半死于肺痨。二十到四十岁这类人的死亡率，是普通人的五倍。纽约二十岁以上死者中，五分之一以上死于这个原因。按一千个死者算，农民一百零三、渔夫一百零八、园丁一百二十一、农场工一百二十二、杂货商一百六十七、裁缝二百零九、布商三百零一、排字工四百六十一，几乎一半。可见职业环境对寿命影响极大。
上下文
马登用大量统计说明：空气污浊、粉尘和拥挤环境会大幅提高结核病死亡率，职业选择直接关系寿命。
今日一问
你了解自己工作环境里的粉尘、空气和拥挤程度吗？
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