投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 142
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
It is not, therefore, in consequence of the extension of the market that the rate of profits is raised, although such extension may be equally efficacious in increasing the mass of commodities, and may thereby enable us to augment the funds destined for the maintenance of labour, and the materials on which labour may be employed. It is quite as important to the happiness of mankind, that our enjoyments should be increased by the better distribution of labour, by each country producing those commodities for which by its situation, its climate, and its other natural or artificial advantages it is adapted, and by their exchanging them for the commodities of other countries, as that they should be augmented by a rise in the rate of profits.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 142 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
利润率提高并不是市场扩大的结果，尽管市场扩大同样能增加商品总量，从而增加维持劳动的基金和可用的材料。对人类幸福来说，通过更好的分工、让各国生产自己最擅长的商品并互相交换来增加享受，和通过利润率上升来增加享受，同样重要。核心是：贸易的好处主要来自分工和交换，而不是提高利润率。所以，别只盯着利润率指标；扩大交换、发挥比较优势，本身就能提升福利。
上下文
李嘉图在《政治经济学及赋税原理》中论对外贸易，强调分工和交换的福利意义。
今日一问
你衡量合作或贸易的好处时，是否只算利润，而忽略了分工和交换带来的实际福利？
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