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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 164

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

This, however, is only a seeming advantage to Portugal, for the quantity of cloth and wine together produced in that country would be diminished, while the quantity produced in England would be increased. Money would in some degree have changed its value in the two countries--it would be lowered in England, and raised in Portugal. Estimated in money, the whole revenue of Portugal would be diminished; estimated in the same medium, the whole revenue of England would be increased.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 164 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

葡萄牙看似占便宜,实则不然:该国布和酒的总产量会减少,英国的总产量会增加。货币价值在两国间变化:英国货币贬值,葡萄牙货币升值。以货币衡量,葡萄牙总收入下降,英国总收入上升。原因是英国生产效率提高,商品增加,货币流入,物价上涨;葡萄牙失去贸易部门,产量下降,货币流出,物价下跌。所以,单看物价便宜不够,还要看实际产量和总收入。

上下文

李嘉图继续分析英葡贸易例子,指出物价变化背后是产量和货币价值的变动,强调实际收入而非名义价格。

今日一问

评估经济政策时,你是否会区分“物价便宜”和“实际收入增加”,避免被表面价格迷惑?

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