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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 196

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

A rise of price is the only means by which he could pay the tax, and continue to derive the usual and general profits from this employment of his capital. He could not deduct the tax from his rent, and oblige his landlord to pay it, for he pays no rent. He would not deduct it from his profits, for there is no reason why he should continue in an employment which yields small profits, when all other employments are yielding greater. There can then be no question, but that he will have the power of raising the price of raw produce by a sum equal to the tax.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 196 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

涨价是耕种者唯一能支付税款、同时继续获得通常利润的办法。他不能把税转嫁给地主,因为他不交地租;他也不能自己承担,因为没理由在别的行业利润更高时还留在这个利润低的行业。所以,毫无疑问,他有权把原产品价格提高相当于税款的程度。这实际上说明,对原产品征税,最终会通过涨价转嫁给消费者,而不是由地主或耕种者承担。

上下文

李嘉图继续论证税收转嫁,指出不交地租的耕种者处于边际地位,其产品价格决定市场价格。

今日一问

如果对某商品征税,你认为生产者和消费者谁更可能承担税负?为什么?

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