投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 213
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
From taxes on expenditure a miser may escape; he may have an income of 10,000 per annum, and expend only 300_l._; but from taxes on profits, whether direct or indirect, he cannot escape; he will contribute to them either by giving up a part or the value of a part of his produce; or by the advanced prices of the necessaries essential to production, he will be unable to continue to accumulate at the same rate. He may indeed have an income of the same value, but he will not have the same command of labour, nor of an equal quantity of materials on which such labour can be exercised.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 213 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
如果只对支出征税,守财奴可以逃掉:他年收入一万镑,却只花三百镑,税就征不到他多少。但对利润征税,无论直接还是间接,他都逃不掉。他要么交出一部分产出或产出的价值,要么因为生产必需品的价格上涨,无法再按原来的速度积累。他的收入名义上可能没变,但他能支配的劳动力和材料变少了。换句话说,对利润征税能逼着每一个有资本的人按比例分担,而支出税只惩罚花钱的人,放过囤积的人。
上下文
李嘉图继续比较支出税和利润税,指出支出税会让节俭的富人逃税,而利润税更难规避。
今日一问
如果税收只针对消费,那些极度节俭、只囤积不消费的人是否承担了公平份额?
公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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