投资 · 西方古典

大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 233

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

M. Say's error in the above passage lies in supposing that because the value of the produce of one of these two farms, after re-instating the capital, is greater than the value of the produce of the other, on that account the net income of the cultivators will differ by the same amount. M. Say has wholly omitted the consideration of the different amount of rent, which these cultivators would have to pay. There cannot be two rates of profit in the same employment, and therefore when produce is in different proportions to capital, it is the rent which will differ, and not the profit. Upon what pretence would one man with a capital of 2000 francs, be allowed to obtain a net profit of 10,000 francs from its employment, whilst another with a capital of 8000 francs would only obtain 4000 francs? Let M. Say make a due allowance for rent; let him further allow for the effect which such a tax would have on the prices of these different kinds of raw produce, and he will then perceive that it is not an unequal tax, and further that the producers themselves will not otherwise contribute to it, than any other class of consumers.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 233 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

萨伊的错误在于:他看到两个农场重置资本后的产出价值不同,就以为耕种者的净收入也会差这么多,却完全忽略了地租的差别。同一行业不可能有两种利润率,所以当产出与资本比例不同时,差异体现在地租上,而不是利润上。否则,投入2000法郎的人净赚10000法郎,投入8000法郎的人只赚4000法郎,这凭什么?只要把地租和税对农产品价格的影响算进去,就会发现这种税并不不平等,生产者作为消费者所承担的税负和其他消费者一样。

上下文

李嘉图批评萨伊忽略地租,误判实物税对净收入的影响,重申同一行业利润率趋同。

今日一问

你在比较不同投资回报时,是否把地租、税费等隐性成本算进去了?

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