投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 254
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
The natural price of commodities, which always ultimately governs their market price, depends on the facility of production; but the quantity produced is not in proportion to that facility. Although the lands, which are now taken into cultivation, are much inferior to the lands in cultivation three centuries ago, and therefore the difficulty of production is increased, who can entertain any doubt, but that the quantity produced now, very far exceeds the quantity then produced? Not only is a high price compatible with an increased supply, but it rarely fails to accompany it. If, then, in consequence of taxation, or of difficulty of production, the price of provisions be raised, and the quantity be not diminished, the money wages of labour will rise; for as Mr. Buchanan has justly observed, "The wages of labour consist not in money, but in what money purchases, namely, provisions and other necessaries; and the allowance of the labourer out of the common stock, will always be in proportion to the supply."
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 254 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
商品的天然价格最终决定市场价格，它取决于生产难易；但产量并不与生产难易成比例。现在耕种的土地比三百年前差得多，生产更难，可谁能否认今天产量远超过去？高价不仅可与供给增加并存，还常常伴随供给增加。所以，若因征税或生产困难使食品涨价而数量未减，货币工资就会上升。因为正如布坎南所说，工资不在货币本身，而在货币能买到的东西，即食品和其他必需品；工人从共同储备中分得的份额，总与供给成比例。
上下文
李嘉图反驳工资税会降低工人生活水平的观点，引布坎南对斯密的评论。
今日一问
你衡量工资高低时，看的是数字还是它能买到的东西？
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