投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 26
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
Suppose money to be that commodity. If a salmon were worth 1_l._ and a deer 2_l._ one deer would be worth two salmon. But a deer might become of the value of three salmon, for more labour might be required to obtain the deer, or less to get the salmon, or both these causes might operate at the same time. If we had this invariable standard, we might easily ascertain in what degree either of these causes operated. If salmon continued to sell for 1_l._ whilst deer rose to 3_l._ we might conclude that more labour was required to obtain the deer. If deer continued at the same price of 2_l._ and salmon sold for 13_s._ 4_d._ we might then be sure that less labour was required to obtain the salmon; and if deer rose to 2_l._ 10_s._ and salmon fell to 16_s._ 8_d._ we should be convinced that both causes had operated in producing the alteration of the relative value of these commodities.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 26 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
假设货币本身是商品。如果一条鲑鱼值1镑，一头鹿值2镑，那么一头鹿就值两条鲑鱼。但鹿可能变成值三条鲑鱼，原因可能是捕鹿需要更多劳动，或者捕鲑鱼需要更少劳动，或者两者同时发生。如果我们有一个不变的标准，就能轻易判断是哪种原因在起作用：若鲑鱼仍卖1镑而鹿涨到3镑，说明捕鹿更费 labor；若鹿仍卖2镑而鲑鱼跌到13先令4便士，说明捕鲑鱼更省 labor；若鹿涨到2镑10先令而鲑鱼跌到16先令8便士，则两者同时发生。
上下文
李嘉图用鹿和鲑鱼的例子说明如何用不变标准衡量商品相对价值变化的原因。
今日一问
你能否找到一个相对稳定的参照物，来判断价格变化是供给端还是需求端引起的？
公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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