投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 274
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
Without calling in question the policy, which dictated this alteration of the tax, I may be permitted to doubt whether it gave any great stimulus to accumulation. If the profits of the fisherman and others engaged in the trade, were doubled in consequence of more fish being consumed, capital and labour must have been withdrawn from other occupations to engage them in this particular trade. But in those occupations capital and labour were productive of profits, which must have been given up when they were withdrawn. The ability of the country to accumulate was only increased by the difference between the profits obtained in the business in which the capital was newly engaged, and those obtained in that from which it was withdrawn.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 274 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
李嘉图不质疑改变税制的政策本身，但怀疑它是否真能大大刺激积累。如果因为鱼消费增加，渔夫和相关行业的利润翻倍，那么资本和劳动就必须从其他行业撤出来投入捕鱼。可是那些被撤出的行业原本也在产生利润，撤出就意味着放弃这些利润。所以一国积累能力的净增加，只是新投入行业利润与被撤出行业利润之间的差额，而不是利润翻倍的全部。换句话说，资源转移有机会成本，不能只看新行业的热闹。
上下文
李嘉图讨论税收政策对资本积累的刺激作用，强调行业间资本转移的机会成本。
今日一问
当你把资源投入一个新机会时，是否算过从旧机会撤出所放弃的利润？
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