投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 283
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
The corn and raw produce of a country, may indeed for a time sell at a monopoly price; but they can do so permanently only when no more capital can be profitably employed on the lands, and when, therefore, their produce cannot be increased. At such time, every portion of land in cultivation, and every portion of capital employed on the land will yield a rent, differing indeed in proportion to the difference in the return. At such a time too, any tax which may be imposed on the farmer, will fall on rent, and not on the consumer. He cannot raise the price of his corn, because, by the supposition, it is already at the highest price at which the purchasers will or can buy it. He will not be satisfied with a lower rate of profits, than that obtained by other capitalists, and, therefore, his only alternative will be to obtain a reduction of rent, or to quit his employment.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 283 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
一个国家的谷物和农产品，确实可能暂时以垄断价格出售；但只有当没有更多资本能有利可图地投入土地、产量无法再增加时，这种高价才能持久。到那时，每一块耕种的土地、每一份投入土地的资本都会产生地租，只是多少不同。此时，对农场主征收的任何税都会落在地租上，而不是消费者身上。他不能提高谷价，因为按假设，价格已高到买者愿意或能够支付的极限。他也不会满足于比别的资本家更低的利润率，所以唯一的选择是要求减租，或者退出经营。
上下文
李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》讨论地租与赋税归宿，认为农产品价格由最劣等地的生产成本决定。
今日一问
当成本已到顶、利润被挤压时，你会先压缩哪一项固定支出？
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