投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图：政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 312
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
Adam Smith however, speaks of the carrying trade as one not of choice, but of necessity; as if the capital engaged in it would be inert if not so employed, as if the capital in the home trade could overflow, if not confined to a limited amount. He says, "when the capital stock of any country is increased to such a degree, _that it cannot be all employed in supplying the consumption, and supporting the productive labour of that particular country_, the surplus part of it naturally disgorges itself into the carrying trade, and is employed in performing the same offices to other countries."
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位：Excerpt 312 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
亚当·斯密把转口贸易说成不是选择而是必需，好像资本不这样用就会闲置，好像国内贸易的资本会溢出，除非限制数量。他说一国资本积累到无法全部用于本国消费和维持生产劳动时，剩余部分自然涌入转口贸易，为别国服务。李嘉图不同意：资本不会因为国内“装不下”才出海，而是因为海外利润更高才主动选择出海。斯密的说法把资本流动看成被动溢出，忽略了利润动机。
上下文
李嘉图引用并反驳亚当·斯密《国富论》中关于转口贸易的论述。
今日一问
你相信“资本太多所以必须出海”的说法，还是“出海因为更赚”？
公版作品；原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg，仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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