投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 314
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
We manufacture commodities, and with them buy goods abroad, because we can obtain a greater quantity than we could make at home. Deprive us of this trade, and we immediately manufacture again for ourselves. But this opinion of Adam Smith is at variance with all his general doctrines on this subject. "If a foreign country can supply us with a commodity cheaper than we ourselves can make it, better buy it of them with some part of the produce of our own industry, employed in a way in which we have some advantage. _The general industry of the country being always in proportion to the capital which employs it_, will not thereby be diminished, but only left to find out the way in which it can be employed with the greatest advantage."
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 314 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
核心是:国际贸易的基础是获得比国内生产更便宜的商品,剥夺贸易后本国会重新生产。我们制造商品去换外国货,是因为换回来的数量比国内生产多。如果贸易被切断,我们就会立即自己制造。但李嘉图指出,亚当·斯密的这种担忧与他自己的总体学说矛盾。斯密曾说:如果外国能更便宜地供应某商品,就应买它,并用本国优势产业的产品去交换;一国的总产业总是与雇佣它的资本成比例,不会因此减少,只会被引导到最有利的用途。所以贸易中断不是产业总量的损失,而是配置的调整。
上下文
李嘉图引用并批评亚当·斯密《国富论》中关于贸易中断的论述,指出其与斯密自己的分工和资本理论不一致。
今日一问
你所在的组织是否因为害怕失去某个业务,而忽略了资本和人力可以转向更有利的用途?
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