投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 337
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
This then is a further proof, that no particular disadvantage arises from taxes on necessaries, on account of their raising wages and lowering the rate of profits. Profits are indeed lowered, but only to the amount of the labourer's portion of the tax, which must at all events, be paid either by his employer, or by the consumer of the produce of the labourer's work. Whether you deduct 50_l._ per annum from the employer's revenue, or add 50_l._ to the prices of the commodities which he consumes, can be of no other consequence to him or to the community, than as it may equally affect all other classes. If it be added to the prices of the commodity, a miser may avoid the tax by not consuming; if it be indirectly deducted from every man's revenue, he cannot avoid paying his fair proportion of the public burthens.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 337 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
这进一步证明:对必需品征税,即使会抬高工资、压低利润率,也没有特别的不利。利润确实被压低,但只压低到劳动者那部分税的程度,这部分税无论如何得由雇主或劳动者产品的消费者支付。无论从雇主收入里每年扣50镑,还是把他消费的商品价格加50镑,对他或社会来说,后果都一样,只是可能同样影响其他阶级。若加在商品价格上,吝啬者可以不消费来避税;若间接从每人收入中扣除,他就无法逃避支付自己那份公共负担。
上下文
李嘉图论对必需品征税的归宿,说明其与直接税在负担分配上的等价性。
今日一问
如果两种征税方式最终负担相同,你更看重哪一点:可逃避性,还是公平感?
公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。
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