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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 40

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

It appears, then, that in proportion to the quantity and the durability of the fixed capital employed in any kind of production, the relative prices of those commodities on which such capital is employed, will vary inversely as wages; they will fall as wages rise. It appears too that no commodities whatever are raised in absolute price, merely because wages rise; that they never rise unless additional labour be bestowed on them; but that all commodities in the production of which fixed capital enters, not only do not rise with a rise of wages, but absolutely fall; fall too as much as 68 per cent., with a rise of seven per cent. in wages, if fixed capital be exclusively employed, and be of the duration of 100 years.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 40 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

看来,生产中使用的固定资本数量越多、越耐久,这些商品的价格就与工资成反比:工资上涨,价格反而下降。而且,没有商品仅因工资上涨而绝对涨价;除非投入了更多劳动,否则不会涨价。所有使用固定资本的商品,不仅不随工资上涨而涨价,反而绝对下降;若固定资本独占且持续100年,工资上涨7%可使价格下降68%。这挑战了工资上涨必然推高价格的常识。关键在于固定资本的存在改变了成本结构,工资上涨对价格的影响被资本折旧和利润变动抵消甚至逆转。

上下文

李嘉图总结固定资本与工资对价格的反向关系,用极端例子说明理论可能性。

今日一问

在资本密集的行业,工资上涨是否真的会推高产品价格?你如何验证?

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