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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 65

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

But improvements in agriculture are of two kinds: those which increase the productive powers of the land, and those which enable us to obtain its produce with less labour. They both lead to a fall in the price of raw produce; they both affect rent, but they do not affect it equally. If they did not occasion a fall in the price of raw produce, they would not be improvements; for it is the essential quality of an improvement to diminish the quantity of labour before required to produce a commodity; and this diminution cannot take place without a fall of its price or relative value.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 65 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

农业改良分两类:一类提高土地生产力,一类减少生产所需劳动。两者都降低农产品价格,都影响地租,但程度不同。如果改良不降低价格,就不算改良,因为改良的本质是减少生产商品所需的劳动量,这必然导致价格或相对价值下降。可操作的做法:判断一项技术是否真改良,看它是否降低了单位产品的劳动投入和价格。

上下文

李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》论地租,区分两种农业改良。

今日一问

你如何判断一项新技术是真正提高了效率,还是只是增加了产出?

公版作品;原文逐字取自 Project Gutenberg,仅摘录段落并附全书链接。

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