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大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 73

大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资

Having acknowledged the imperfections to which money made of gold and silver is liable as a measure of value, from the greater or less quantity of labour which may, under varying circumstances, be necessary for the production of those metals, we may be permitted to make the supposition that all these imperfections were removed, and that equal quantities of labour could at all times obtain, from that mine which paid no rent, equal quantities of gold. Gold would then be an invariable measure of value. The quantity indeed would enlarge with the demand, but its value would be invariable, and it would be eminently well calculated to measure the varying value of all other things. I have already in a former part of this work considered gold as endowed with this uniformity, and in the following chapter I shall continue the supposition. In speaking therefore of varying price, the variation will be always considered as being in the commodity, and never in the medium in which it is estimated.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 73 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

李嘉图承认,金银作为价值尺度有缺陷,因为生产它们所需的劳动量会变动。但他假设一个理想情况:如果始终能用等量劳动从无租矿山获得等量黄金,那么黄金就成为不变的价值尺度。这时黄金数量会随需求增加,但价值不变,能完美衡量其他商品的价值变化。因此,在讨论价格变动时,他总认为变动来自商品本身,而非货币。这为分析方便设定了理论前提。

上下文

李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》讨论价值尺度问题,为简化分析假设黄金价值不变。

今日一问

在分析经济问题时,你是否也会先设定一个理想化的前提来简化复杂现实?

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