投资 · 西方古典
大卫·李嘉图:政治经济学及赋税原理·摘录 80
大卫·李嘉图《政治经济学及赋税原理》· On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation · 投资
It is then the desire, which every capitalist has, of diverting his funds from a less to a more profitable employment, that prevents the market price of commodities from continuing for any length of time either much above, or much below their natural price. It is this competition which so adjusts the exchangeable value of commodities, that after paying the wages for the labour necessary to their production, and all other expenses required to put the capital employed in its original state of efficiency, the remaining value or overplus will in each trade be in proportion to the value of the capital employed.
出处:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33310
定位:Excerpt 80 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录
白话
每个资本家都想把资金从利润低的行业转到利润高的行业,正是这种逐利动机阻止了商品的市场价格长期大幅偏离自然价格。竞争会调整商品的交换价值:支付生产所需的工资和其他费用、让资本保持原有效率后,剩下的价值或超额利润,在每个行业中都和投入资本的价值成比例。换句话说,竞争让各行业的利润率趋于一致,市场价格围绕自然价格波动,不会长期过高或过低。
上下文
李嘉图在《政治经济学及赋税原理》中阐述竞争如何使利润率平均化,市场价格围绕自然价格波动。
今日一问
你所在的行业,利润率是否因竞争而趋于平均?如果某行业利润长期偏高,是什么阻碍了资本流入?
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