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托马斯·马尔萨斯:人口论·摘录 149

托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资

The proper office of benevolence is to soften the partial evils arising from self-love, but it can never be substituted in its place. If no man were to allow himself to act till he had completely determined that the action he was about to perform was more conducive than any other to the general good, the most enlightened minds would hesitate in perplexity and amazement; and the unenlightened would be continually committing the grossest mistakes.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位:Excerpt 149 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

仁慈的正确职责是缓和自爱带来的局部恶果,但绝不能取代自爱。如果一个人非要先完全确定某个行动比任何其他行动都更有利于普遍利益才肯行动,那么最开明的人也会困惑犹豫,不开明的人更会不断犯大错。所以,不要要求自己或别人每做一件事都先证明它最有利于全人类;那既不现实,也会让人寸步难行。更可行的是:守住基本规则,用仁慈去修补自爱造成的伤害。

上下文

马尔萨斯在《人口论》中讨论道德与自爱的关系,反对以普遍利益为名的过度理性计算。

今日一问

你是否因要求自己每步都“最有利于全人类”而迟迟不敢行动?

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