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托马斯·马尔萨斯:人口论·摘录 186

托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资

The idea that the impressions and excitements of this world are the instruments with which the Supreme Being forms matter into mind, and that the necessity of constant exertion to avoid evil and to pursue good is the principal spring of these impressions and excitements, seems to smooth many of the difficulties that occur in a contemplation of human life, and appears to me to give a satisfactory reason for the existence of natural and moral evil, and, consequently, for that part of both, and it certainly is not a very small part, which arises from the principle of population. But, though, upon this supposition, it seems highly improbable that evil should ever be removed from the world; yet it is evident that this impression would not answer the apparent purpose of the Creator; it would not act so powerfully as an excitement to exertion, if the quantity of it did not diminish or increase with the activity or the indolence of man. The continual variations in the weight and in the distribution of this pressure keep alive a constant expectation of throwing it off.

出处: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位:Excerpt 186 · 核对日期:2026-10-19 · 核验:短摘录

白话

马尔萨斯认为,上帝用世间的印象和刺激把物质塑造成心灵,而人为了避恶趋善必须不断努力,这种努力正是刺激的来源。这样一来,人生中的许多难题就变得容易理解了,自然恶和道德恶的存在也有了说得通的理由,包括由人口原理造成的那部分恶。但恶若永远不消失,似乎又不符合造物主的目的;所以恶的数量必须随人的勤惰而增减,才能起到激励作用。压力时轻时重、分布不断变化,让人始终抱有摆脱它的希望。

上下文

马尔萨斯《人口论》第一版(1798年)第18章,回应戈德温等人对人口原理的批评,从神义论角度解释恶的功用。

今日一问

你最近面对的哪个“恶”或压力,其实在逼你行动而不是让你绝望?

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