投资 · 西方古典
托马斯·马尔萨斯：人口论·摘录 33
托马斯·马尔萨斯《人口论》· An Essay on the Principle of Population · 投资
Such a history would tend greatly to elucidate the manner in which the constant check upon population acts and would probably prove the existence of the retrograde and progressive movements that have been mentioned, though the times of their vibrations must necessarily be rendered irregular from the operation of many interrupting causes, such as the introduction or failure of certain manufactures, a greater or less prevalent spirit of agricultural enterprise, years of plenty, or years of scarcity, wars and pestilence, poor laws, the invention of processes for shortening labour without the proportional extension of the market for the commodity, and, particularly, the difference between the nominal and real price of labour, a circumstance which has perhaps more than any other contributed to conceal this oscillation from common view.
出处：
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4239
定位：Excerpt 33 · 核对日期：2026-10-19 · 核验：短摘录
白话
如果能写出这样一部底层历史，就能清楚展示人口抑制机制如何运作，也可能证明人口确实有进退起伏。不过这种波动的时间不会规律，因为很多因素会打断它：某些制造业的兴起或衰败、农业经营热情的高低、丰年荒年、战争和瘟疫、济贫法、节省劳力的新技术没有相应扩大市场，以及劳动的名义价格和实际价格之间的差距。马尔萨斯特别指出，名义工资和实际工资的差别，最能把这种波动掩盖起来，让普通人看不出来。
上下文
马尔萨斯《人口论》第一版，列举影响人口波动的多种经济与社会因素，强调名义工资与实际工资的区分。
今日一问
你平时关注的是工资数字，还是它能买到的东西？哪个更能反映你真实的生活水平？
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